Tarot de Marseille of Nicolas Conver
When the Tarot of Marseille by Nicolas Conver, or similar deck, came to the attention of French occultists in the late 18th century, they believed they saw ancient wisdom teachings encoded in its images, and it became the model for most later esoteric decks.
Images of the Conver deck and other decks can be seen at The Tarot of Marseilles Millennium Edition — The historic Tarots gallery. The gallery article notes that the Conver deck, published in 1760, though often taken as an original or as a reference model in the tradition of Marseilles style decks, is a late production with some significant changes from that tradition.